Bland Allison Act Apush Flashcard

Bland Allison Act Apush

Douglass Method of Persuasion My Bondage and My Freedom essays

Douglass' Method of Persuasion My Bondage and My Freedom essays My Bondage and My Freedom is widely considered to be one of the most historically influential documents produced in the midst of the abolitionist movement. Written by a former slave, the memoir served as a moving argument against the inhuman institution of slavery in American history. Interestingly, however, although Douglass was an incredibly educated man, he did not resort to arguments of reason or philosophy in the work in an attempt to illustrate the immorality of slavery. Instead, perhaps because of his education and natural intelligence, coupled with a keen awareness of public (white) sensibility, he refrained from attacking those responsible for using slaves, as well as those responsible for supporting the institution, itself. Instead, recognizing the limitations of his time and dominant social culture, he used the device of emotion to convey the brutality to the sympathetic side of his reader's psyches. The genre of the "slave memoir" was hardly a novel form during the years of the abolitionist movement. Indeed, several accounts exist of the experiences of emancipated or escaped slaves. However, during that time, although such accounts did gain popular readership, and even greater readership within anti-slave circles, the accounts were often regarded with some amount of suspicion. Indeed, many charged that the stories coming from the pens (or oral accounts) of former slaves were either negatively skewed or fabricated, or were outright fictional propaganda, forged by white abolitionists with political (as well as economic) motives. However, in spite of this fact, many educated former slaves were thrown into a quandary when they considered their options for communicating their heartfelt opinions about the brutality of slaveryfor even in the North, dominant white culture was not ready for "attacks" literal or literary against the white...

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 28

Personal Statement Example I could tell that marketing to me was one of the most fulfilling topics I had ever covered while studying my degree in Management. The course work was as interesting as the practical work which mostly entailed presentations and research work as directed by my professor. To be honest, I found the practical work much easier to do, with especially my research assignments in the marketing topic proving to be one of the most interesting and memorable tasks I have completed to date. I especially enjoyed making field observations and presenting field data in the market research segment for the marketing classes. In all honesty, this is a field that caught my heart, despite being a regretfully small part of my degree in management. As earlier mentioned, I have studied primarily in management, and my specialty is in the banking area. I graduated with a management degree in June 2014 from the Qafqaz University in Azerbaijan. I was top of my Faculty (Management) accumulating a final GPA of 95.04. This followed a string of exemplary academic performances that saw me receive numerous recognition awards from the Dean of the Faculty and the University Rector as well. However, it is the marketing subject that remains a memorable part of my studies in management. I found myself more inclined to all marketing related subjects than all other areas of my undergraduate studies, with a special liking and interest in advertising. I feel that it is the creativity that this subject demands which makes me so attracted to it. I believe that I am well equipped to prosper in the marketing field, especially considering a few of my related strengths and passions. I am a team leader by nature and for this, I have found to thrive well in teamwork arrangements. From my experience at the University, I performed the best while studying in team works, deriving immeasurable satisfaction and joy from

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Essay Example CSR benefits the society through responsible business. In the contemporary society, global warming and sustainable living are the biggest issues that have grabbed the attention of scientists and educationalists everywhere in the world. Need is being felt of a collective effort to combat the conditions emerging as a result of global warming and excessive use of extinguishing natural resources. In these circumstances, businesses need to be very responsible and considerate about several things that are not in their individualistic interest but are of great interest to the society as a whole. CSR makes the businessmen amend their business practices in such a way that they cause maximum benefit to the society and cause minimal harm. Thus, it makes them comply with the standards of ethics and makes them display good moral conduct. In an attempt to fulfill the requirements of CSR, businessmen are trying to do everything that would make their business

University Fee Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

University Fee Control - Essay Example According to the essay findings  when the university fees are high, many families are unable to afford. Few people get the opportunity to pursue higher education and hence increased illiteracy while people like the youths, may resort to crimes as a means of sustaining their livelihood, and others get into drug abuse. There have been measures put in place and are assumed to be of help to the students, the measures such as increasing the students loan is really not of help since an increased loan would only make students indebted to the government .Setting up a price favorable to both the government and institutions will be of great significance to the organization and the economy.As the paper highlights  government intervention in the university fees is the only solution to the fee problems faced by students. It should, therefore, take stern measures in ensuring that students are not disadvantaged. Once this is done, students will enjoy the fruits of their labor upon graduating ra ther than paying for loans and getting jobs that pay salaries which are not equivalent to the money they spent on their education.  Despite the success, most of the group members tended to come late for the group discussion but we agreed amicably that no one will be late during the next debate. Regarding the contribution of team members, we gave marks of 9 out of 10.  This is because each group member handled the success of this group work and its completion.

Marian Halcombe Between Genders And Gender Roles

Marian Halcombe Between Genders And Gender Roles According to Lyn Pykett most of Collinss novels explored the way in which gender roles were constructed, and, at the same time, explored various pressures for and anxieties about changes in gender roles in the mid-nineteenth century (2005: 128) and offered a critique of the class and gender hierarchies of Victorian society (2005: 223). The Woman in White is one of those novels to which Pykett referred to and Collins uses his unconventional heroine Marian Halcombe to serve his purposes. In this chapter I want to show that Marians unconventionality resides in the way she looks and behaves and that this allows Collins to challenge gender roles and that she is used to blur gender boundaries. The novel begins with Walter Hartrights words This is the story of what a Womans patience can endure, and what a Mans resolution can achieve. (Collins 1) After a first reading of the novel these words will prove he is an unreliable narrator at least, if not a man who consciously wants to mislead the readers into thinking that a woman is only passive and must endure and that only a man is strong and capable of great deeds, when this is not always the case, especially in this novel. I say this because throughout the novel there are male characters that must have patience and endure and female characters that are resolute and active. For instance, Sir Percival must have patience if he wants to get in possession of his wifes money and Count Fosco constantly reminds him of that patience, Percival -patience. Youre always talking of patience' (Collins 285). Marian Halcombe, although a woman, has resolution Miss Halcombe cut the knot of the little embarrassment forthwith, in her resolute, d ownright way (Collins 42) and throughout the novel her resolution will recommend her as a powerful woman as I will show later on in this chapter. His words can be interpreted as reflecting the Victorian ideology of the separate gender roles for women and men. However, I argue that these words are not fully illustrative for the content of the novel and for its characters because of Marian Halcombe and what she represents in the economy of the novel. What she does shows that a woman is not always patient and enduring but can be also resolute. Marian Halcome whose far more interesting character represents the only significant variation on business-as-usual in the novels gynaeceum (Miller 176) is portrayed from the beginning of the novel as being between the genders in the sense that her physical description shows she is both masculine and feminine (Pykett 2005:126). From her description it can be seen that at this point in the narrative that her femininity resides in the beauty of her body and her masculinity in the traits of her face. Walter Hartright describes her and his contradictory reactions thus Her figure was tall, yet not too tall; comely and well-developed, yet not fat; her head set on her shoulders with an easy, pliant firmness; her waist, perfection in the eyes of a man (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) The ladys complexion was almost swarthy, and the dark down on her upper lip was almost a moustache She had a large, firm, masculine mouth and jaw; prominent, piercing, resolute brown eyes; and thick, coal-black hair, growing unusually low down on her forehead (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦)To see such a face as this set on shoulders that a sculptor would have longed to modelto be charmed by the modest graces of action through which the symmetrical limbs betrayed their beauty when they moved, and then to be almost repelled by the masculine form and masculine look of the features in which the perfectly shaped figure endedwas to feel a sensation oddly akin to the helpless discomfort familiar to us all in sleep, when we recognise yet cannot reconcile the anomalies and contradictions of a dream. (Collins 24-25) As Sophia Andres well remarks Walters conventional expectation of femininity is unsettled by the disjunction of femininity with masculinity (371) when he first sees Marian and his reaction could have been the reaction of any other Victorian that had fixed conceptions about the way a woman had to look like but I argue that Collins mocked in a way the gendered expectations of Victorians when he created Marian and showed that women are not all the same and that masculinity can characterize a woman too and not only a man. Her sister Laura makes an indirect remark about her masculine face when she returns from her honeymoon and exclaims that she missed her own dear, dark, clever, gipsy-face (Collins 188). Talking about Marians description Valerie Pedlar notes that Walter finds himself face to face with a lady who is not at all easy to categorize and who falls outside conventional literary or social models (76) My opinion is that it is precisely because she cannot be categorized by the con ventional society of the age that she can be seen as expressing Collinss contempt for the Victorian gender norms and gender definitions. Apart from her masculine face she has other masculine physical traits of which she is aware My hands always were, and always will be, as awkward as a mans (Collins 204) because they are big. Another remark that she makes about herself and that implies she is aware of her masculinity is that made when she tries to stop herself from crying because she says My tears do not flow so easily as they ought they come almost like mens tears, with sobs that seem to tear me in pieces, and that frighten every one about me (Collins 144). When she makes choices about her personal items she intentionally highlights her masculine side because from Laura we learn that she has a horrid heavy mans umbrella with which she always would walk out with when it rained (Collins 188).Her personal choices like that of having a mans umbrella instead of a smaller womans umbrella show that she disregard the etiquette of the time and this furthermore implies that her wishes are more important for her than what other s think is right for a woman to do. One would think that a discussion about the fact that she has a heavy mans umbrella is not very illustrative for the subject of this chapter but the fact that it is heavy shows that Marian has physical strength and since women in that period were considered fragile mentally, morally and physically and she is a woman, again points to one conclusion: Victorian gender expectations are flouted. According to Carolyn Oulton her masculinity is initially signaled in the references to physical traits such as facial hair (84) but throughout the novel instances when she is seen as masculine and treated like if she were a man and when she behaves in a masculine way occur. Masculinity is associated with physical and mental strength and Marian possesses these qualities that lastly make those who know her realize she is unique. One of these persons is Eliza Michelson who said to Laura when she realized that Marian had disappeared from Blackwater Park despite the fact she was ill Remember, my lady, what surprising energy there is in Miss Halcombeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She might well make an effort which other ladies in her situation would be unfit for (Collins 344). She is an extraordinary woman and without doubt people notice that. Count Fosco is surely the one person who most sees how different she is from other women and admires her despite all her masculine traits. He says to Percival when they talk about how to get in possession of Lauras money She is sharp enough to suspect something, and bold enough to come downstairs and listen, if she can get the chance. (Collins 285) Can you look at Miss Halcombe and not see that she has the foresight and the resolution of a man? With that woman for my friend I would snap these fingers of mine at the world. With that woman for my enemy, I, with all my brains and experienceI, Fosco, cunning as the devil himself, as you have told me a hundred timesI walk, in your English phrase, upon egg-shells! And this grand creatureI drink her health in my sugar-and-waterthis grand creature, who stands in the strength of her love and her courage, firm as a rock, between us two and that poor, flimsy, pretty blonde wife of yoursthis magnificent woman, whom I admire with all my soul, though I oppose her in your interests and in mine, you drive to extremities as if she was no sharper and no bolder than the rest of her sex. (Collins 291) He acknowledges her as a powerful enemy because she is resolute, courageous and intelligent as a man but he is also capable of seeing her as a feminine woman and this furthermore makes him admire her. After reading her diary he states Admirable woman! I allude to Miss Halcombe. Stupendous effort! I refer to the Diary. Yes! These pages are amazing. The tact which I find here, the discretion, the rare courage, the wonderful power of memory, the accurate observation of character, the easy grace of style, the charming outbursts of womanly feeling, have all inexpressibly increased my admiration of this sublime creature, of this magnificent Marian (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) Under happier circumstances how worthy I should have been of Miss Halcombehow worthy Miss Halcombe would have been of ME. The sentiments which animate my heart assure me that the lines I have just written express a Profound Truth. (Collins 302-303) He not only praises her for all that she is and does but he also seems to declare his love for her. He considers himself powerful, courageous as I am by nature (Collins 545) and intelligent and she being an unparalleled woman as he himself observed, could have been the perfect match for him precisely because of her strong nature. They are very much alike. She is the first and last weakness of Foscos life (Collins 556). What Collins seems to suggest through Count Foscos voice who does not blame Marian for not being as feminine as women have to be but on the contrary is that such atypical Victorian women as her should be acknowledged in their society although they undermine mens domination. Not only Count Fosco realizes that she has things in common with men and admires her. Walter Hartright says about her She caught me by both handsshe pressed them with the strong, steady grasp of a man à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She stopped, drew me nearer to herthe fearless, noble creature (Collins 107). The same Count Fosco who talked about Marian in such admiring terms had talked previously in terms that express the mentality of the time about ways in which men can rule women and about resolution that is characteristic of men and that women cannot possess. After reading what he later on says about Marian and after all the instances when she uses her resolution it is clear that Marian does not fail in resolution and that again conventional ideas of the time do not fully apply in her case. Human ingenuity, my friend, has hitherto only discovered two ways in which a man can manage a woman. One way is to knock her downa method largely adopted by the brutal lower orders of the people, but utterly abhorrent to the refined and educated classes above them. The other way (much longer, much more difficult, but in the end not less certain) is never to accept a provocation at a womans hands. It holds with animals, it holds with children, and it holds with women, who are nothing but children grown up. Quiet resolution is the one quality the animals, the children, and the women all fail in. If they can once shake this superior quality in their master, they get the better of HIM. If they can never succeed in disturbing it, he gets the better of THEM (Collins 291) Although Marian has manly impulses like that of hitting Sir Percival I started to my feet as suddenly as if he had struck me. If I had been a man, I would have knocked him down on the threshold of his own door, and have left his house, never on any earthly consideration to enter it again. But I was only a womanand I loved his wife so dearly! (Collins 218) and Count Fosco, My hands tingled to strike him, as if I had been a man! (Collins 495) she refrains herself because she knows that a violent act would do her no good as she is in neither cases in the position of gaining anything from hitting them. Often, her transgressions of gender roles are made with the purpose of protecting her sister and in the first case if she strikes Sir Percival she risks being thrown out from his house leaving her sister unprotected from his villainies and in the second case the situation is the same, she risks leaving her sister unprotected and alone as Walter is not in the city to stay with her. With all her transgressions her options as a woman are limited and being a man would have certainly opened up more possibilities for her. When she arrives at Blackwater Park she waits impatiently for her sisters arrival from her honeymoon and she affirms If I only had the privileges of a man, I would order out Sir Percivals best horse instantly, and tear away on a night-gallop, eastward, to meet the rising sun () Being, however, nothing but a woman, condemned to patience, propriety, and petticoats for life, I must respect the house- keepers opinions, and try to compose myself in some feeble and feminine way. (Collins 174) The last sentence describes the condition of middle-class women in Victorian England, condemned to a domestic existence but these are not necessarily her own words expressing her beliefs and opinions because she says that she must respect the housekeepers opinions and the fact that she mentions this thing makes me interpret what she says as being the ironical rendering of the housekeepers words. Marian is glad when some people around her, for example Count Fosco, see her masculine side and treat her differently than they would treat a conventional Victorian woman He flatters my vanity by talking to me as seriously and sensibly as if I was a man (Collins 197). Not all who meet her treat her like Count Fosco and there is an amusing moment with a school teacher that thinks she is as traditional Victorian woman, therefore weak and who tries to protect her from a shock. Instead of being grateful she is ironical and the answer to his attitude shows that she is not satisfied when people treat her as a weak woman I beg your pardon, Miss Halcombe, interposed the school-master a little uneasilybut I think you had better not question the boy. The obstinate folly of his story is beyond all belief; and you might lead him into ignorantly- Ignorantly what? inquired Miss Halcombe sharply. Ignorantly shocking your feelings, said Mr. Dempster, looking very much discomposed. Upon my word, Mr. Dempster, you pay my feelings a great compliment in thinking them weak enough to be shocked by such an urchin as that! She turned with an air of satirical defiance to little Jacob, and began to question him directly. (Collins 72- 73) On the other hand, although she is not satisfied when people think she is a weak person she herself has moments of weakness. Those moments attest she is feminine too. After the discussion with Laura, during which Laura said she was going to marry Sir Percival after all, she starts to cry The tearsmiserable, weak, womens tears of vexation and rage started to my eyes. She smiled sadly, and put her handkerchief over my face to hide for me the betrayal of my own weaknessthe weakness of all others which she knew that I most despised (Collins 159). She despises weak people and tries to hide her own weakness. She tends to believe that it is the fact that she is only a woman (Collins 529) and has a womans body that makes her weak and that this weakness is not representative for who she really is inside. Her femininity is not as accentuated as her masculinity but without a doubt it is a part of who she is too and she learns to accept it. After she moves with Laura and Walter she has to take c are of the household and she says to Walter What a womans hands ARE fit for, she said, early and late, these hands of mine shall do. They trembled as she held them out (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) the unquenchable spirit of the woman burnt bright in her even yet. I saw the big tears rise thick in her eyes, and fall slowly over her cheeks as she looked at me. She dashed them away with a touch of her old energy, and smiled with a faint reflection of her old good spirits. Dont doubt my courage, Walter, she pleaded, its my weakness that cries, not ME. The house-work shall conquer it if I cant. (Collins 390) Although moments like the one mentioned in the last paragraph that show her femininity are not as many as those that show her masculinity they exist in the novel. For example, in the beginning of the novel Walter is shocked to see she has masculine qualities and he expects her to have an inexpressive facial expression like that of a man and to have the voice of a man too but he is pleased to see that her dark face lighting up with a smile, and softening and growing womanly the moment she began to speak (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) These odd words of welcome were spoken in a clear, ringing, pleasant voice (Collins 25). Also, she dresses in a feminine way. Walter notices when he looks at her, Mrs. Vesey and Laura that she is richly clad with delicate primrose-yellow colour which matches so well with a dark complexion and black hair (Collins 44). When she prepares to spy on Count Fosco and Sir Percival she says that A complete change in my dress was imperatively necessary for many reasons () In my ordinary evening costume I took up the room of three men at least (Collins 287). When Walter asks her if she would write to him after he leaves Limmeridge House her dark eyes glitteredher brown complexion flushed deepthe force and energy of her face glowed and grew beautiful with the pure inner light of her generosity and her pity (Collins 107) showing that despite her masculine face she is capable of having womanly feelings. Another moment when her femininity is revealed is when she talks with Walter about telling Laura that her husband died and Walter notices that An unaccustomed tenderness trembled in her dark eyes and softened her firm lips, as she glanced aside at the empty chair in which the dear companion of all our joys and sorrows had been sitting (Collins 499). She has a robust physicality (Oulton 85) but her body has its limits and because of that she has to give up doing things despite herself like the moment when she wants to go and look for Laura after talking with Count Fosco who told her she does not have to sign Sir Percivals act my head was giddy and my knees trembled under me. There was no choice but to give it up again and return to the sofa, sorely against my will (Collins 244). The limitations of her body show again her femininity. From the beginning of the novel she makes mean and sarcastic remarks about women herself included. For example, she says to the puzzled Walter Hartright that How can you expect four women to dine together alone every day, and not quarrel? We are such fools, we cant entertain each other at table. You see I dont think much of my own sex, Mr. Hartright (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) no woman does think much of her own sex, although few of them confess it as freely as I do (Collins 25-26). Her words can be interpreted as showing her disappointment for the way women behave. I opinion that at the same they show she tends to have misogynistic views on women. Normally misogyny is associated with men and in this case her words furthermore show that she is masculine too. She observes his bewilderment and continues I will give you some tea to compose your spirits, and do all a woman can (which is very little, by-the-bye) to hold my tongue (Collins26) The irony is that she does not hold her tongue but on the contrary so her remark is somehow sarcastic attacking the ideology of separate gender roles. After she says this Walter remark that she was laughing gaily (Collins 26) so this sustains what I have just said. Other examples of remarks about women coming from her are Women cant draw-their minds are too flighty, and their eyes are too inattentive (Collins 27), Women, as everybody knows, constantly act on impulses which they cannot explain even to themselves (Collins 227) and Women can resist a mans love, a mans fame, a mans personal appearance, and a mans money, but they cannot resist a mans tongue when he knows how to talk to them ( Collins 228). According to Lyn Pykett she does not think much of either sex (Collins 126) and her affirmation is confirmed by Marians words about men No man under heaven deserves these sacrifices from us women (Collins 159). The same Lyn Pykett sustains that Collins uses Marians proto-feminist pronouncements and her active involvement in rescuing Laura and helping Walter to restore her half-sisters identity as a way of questioning and challenging current gender roles (Collins 126). In the light of the matters discussed in this chapter it is clear that these instances named by Pykett are not the only ones when Collins challenges gender roles. Another instance when gender roles are clearly challenged is when Marian disregards all the rules of proper womanly behaviour and spies on Count Fosco and Sir Percival staying on the roof of a verandah. Throughout the novel she is active and helps Walter not only by doing different activities that are not typical for a woman in the Victorian period but also by giving him advices that are helpful and that determine him to trust her. In an age when few middle-class women had the power to act against the gender norms and defy the hierarchy of gender roles of their society she is one such example of woman who behaves differently than expected and when for example she fails to express her opinion as she usually does people around her are astonished. Such a situation is when asked by Mr. Gilmore to say whether they should trust Sir Percival when he said that Anne Catherick was taken by him to the asylum with the permission of her mother she says nothing and his reaction is resolute, clear-minded Miss Halcombe was the very last person in the world whom I should have expected to find shrinking from the expression of an opinion of her own (Collins 117). According to Lilian Craton the dark and ugly qualities of Marians physical appearance defy the feminine ideal but enable her strong sense of individuality as do the masculine personality traits (133). I agree with her but I would also add that her feminine qualities should not be disregarded. Marian is not defined exclusively by the masculine but by the masculine and the feminine at the same time and the fact that she is a combination of these two is what make her unique. By presenting her as being between genders Collins subverts traditional Victorian gender definitions. She fails to comply with contemporary gender roles and as a consequence she affirms her individuality.

evilmac Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - The Evil Witches :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Macbeth’s Evil Witches  Ã‚      The witches are seen as being evil. This is because at the time, witches were accepted as being real and evil. Shown in the play because the first scene is thunder and lightning, which is associated with terrible happenings and things so suggests witches are terrible things. They speak in rhymes and use many equivocal terms e.g. ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair’. This suggests reversal and unbalance, which leads to chaos and disorder in Macbeth’s life. This is suggested because they immediately mention Macbeth so he is already associated with the witches and seen as being evil. The chaos is also shown in the natural world by the weather and natural events. Act 1 Scene 3, there is thunder when the witches meet again. The idea of them being evil is reinforced because in this scene because they are cursing a sailor. This suggests that Macbeth will also face a similar type of treatment. The mystery of the witches is increased in this scene because they know Macbeth is coming when the third witch tells the other two, ‘Macbeth doth come.’ This raises the question of how they knew he was coming and reinforces the link between Macbeth and the witches, which suggests to the audience that Macbeth is evil from the beginning of the play. This link is further reinforced when Macbeth’s first line using the same equivocal as the witches, ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’. Banquo is wary of the witches and does not really want to believe that they really because he says ‘That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ th’ earth’, which adds further to their mystery because they are described as being unnatural. However, the suggestion that Macbeth is somehow acquainted with them is again shown when he talks to them directly without fear and asks 'What are you?’ Nevertheless, this shows to an extent that Macbeth also saw the witches as being unnatural because he enquires about what they are but he does not appear to be afraid. They then avoid this question and tell Macbeth his prophecies as though this was the purpose all along. Their prophecies give rise to the question whether they knew that he was already Thane of Glamis and the next Thane of Cawdor. This adds to the mystery of the witches and provides some more evidence of the suggestion that they were well acquainted with Macbeth.

Bycatch Overfishing Regulations And Recovery Environmental Sciences Essay

One of the most urgent issues impacting piscaries today is finding methods of cut downing by-catch and keeping sustainable stocks. In this paper the author will try to specify by-catch and discourse the Torahs regulating the pattern. The author will besides discourse the commercial and recreational parts to the province of duress of the ocean Waterss. Fishing patterns and methods of cut downing the sum of by-catch will besides be discussed. Without the cooperation of fishermen, province, federal, and world-wide authoritiess many species of water bird and fish will non last. Harmonizing to McCaughran by-catch is that ‘portion of the gimmick returned to the sea as a consequence of economic, legal or personal considerations, plus the maintained gimmick of non-targeted species ‘ ( McCaughtan 1 ) . Bycatch are fish, water bird, or Marine mammals that are caught by the way in all types of piscary cogwheel. They are caught because they are unable to travel fast plenty to get away or they may be attracted to the come-on. There are many marauders in the ocean but we are the most unsafe marauders in the H2O. We are unsafe because â€Å" we are limited merely by the bounds we set ourselves † ( Hinman 3 ) . We choose non to put bounds for ourselves that insure the sustainability of our oceans therefore these criterions must be set for us. These bounds are set so we can avoid the â€Å" calamity of the parks † ( Wallace 1 ) . Puting these bounds is the duty of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) and the National Mar ine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ) . The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservatory Act in 1976 created eight councils to rede NMFS on regional issues on piscary direction. The jurisprudence claimed the Waterss within 200 stat mis of the seashore as the ownership of the United States but it neglected to set up any control over overfishing or habitat loss ( Safina ) . This act was amended in 1996 to include home grounds and overfishing. On January 6, 2004, a concluding regulation was submitted that stated: â€Å" National criterion 9 ( NS9 ) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, as amended by the Stainable Fisheries Act requires that fishery direction programs include preservation and direction steps that shall, to the extent operable, minimise by-catch and to the extent by-catch can non be avoided, minimise the mortality of such by-catch. Implementing by-catch decrease device ( BRD ) demands for the eastern Gulf of Mexico would lend to run intoing that demand † ( Federal Register 2004 ) . An extra amendment was added in 2007 that requires that one-year gimmick bounds and Marine protected countries ( MPAs ) be established ( NOAA Economics ) . The Sustainable Fisheries Act requires that when a stock does non run into the sustainable output a compulsory recovery program which includes a list of overfished species must be proposed ( Safina ) . Some of the reforms have been met with resistance by fisherman and with optimism by environmentalist. Fishermans sometimes stand to lose money with the execution of new regulations and ordinances. The commercial fishing industry in 2007 was estimated to be a $ 28 billion a twelvemonth industry. An extra $ 25 billion a twelvemonth was spent on recreational Marine fishing and activities ( NOAA Economics ) . The mark and by-catch species depends on where you are in the universe. What may be the mark species in the Gulf of Mexico may be the by-catch species in other countries. As new engineering has been introduced into the fishing industry more fish have been caught utilizing gillnets, bag Seines, long lines, runt spiller and other methods. Fig. 1. Most seafood in the U.S. is caught utilizing cyberspaces dragged behind boats, such as bag Seines, spiller and dredges ( NMFS, 2009 ) . This cogwheel enabled fishermen to catch the mark species and anything else in the Waterss. In 1994 the estimated by-catch was 19.9 and 39.5 million dozenss of cast-off fish. A new estimation 10 old ages subsequently utilizing a new methodological analysis was much lower at 7.3 million dozenss. The cast-off sum is approximately 20 % to 25 % of the entire crop ( Wui 1 ) . These Numberss show that a big part of the universe gimmick is discarded ( Davies et Al. 205 ) . By-catch can besides be defined as â€Å" that portion of the gaining control that is discarded at sea, dead ( or injured to an extent that decease is the consequence ) † ( Hall 206 ) . Catch may be discarded because of size, species, sex, or mortality. Other grounds are the gimmick may non be the right species, the quota has been reached, or they may be an illegal gimmick. The runt spiller piscaries show the greatest sum of by-catch. These Numberss differ depending on the beginning and the method of computation. Some estimate the Numberss to be every bit high as 35 % for the universe gimmick ( Baum ) . Bycatch consist of sea polo-necks, juvenile species of ruddy center, Spanish mackerel, topographic point, croaker, beams, bluish pediculosis pubis and many other species. In the 1970 ‘s the ratio of by-catch to shrimp was 10 lbs bycatch to one lb of runt. Bycatch decrease devices ( BRDs ) have been mandated on runt spiller in the Gulf of Mexico. A BRD allows finfish and other by the way caught beings to get away. From 1992 to 1994 there was a decrease of four lbs of by-catch to one lb of runt ( Robert ) . Shrimp spiller besides have turtle excluder devices ( TED ) fitted in them to let sea polo-necks to get away. Data shows that with these devices in the runt trawls the sum of some by-catch has been significantly reduced ( Robert ) . The devices have allowed a partial recovery of ruddy center, Spanish mackerel, king mackerel, and Atlantic croaker ( Louisiana Fisheries ) . Fig. 2. Two versions of runt spiller with BRDs. ( Fuls 16-18 ) Bycatch is inevitable, even with the usage of BDRs. Data shows that there have been around 450 taxa documented as incidental gimmicks in shrimp spiller. Attempts have been made to diminish the mortality of by-catch. One scheme was to integrate a fish oculus in the cyberspaces to let for fish flight. Fishermans besides could better the handling and release of the gimmick. The runt spiller is a type of cogwheel that continues to be studied and improved.Species – English NamePercentage of Total CatchLongspined scup 15 Brown runt 9 Atlantic croaker 9 Inshore lizardfish 6 Pink runt 3 Gulf butterfish 3 Lesser blue crab 2 White runt 2 Longspined swimming crab 2 Brown stone runt 2Table 1 – Top 10 species found in Gulf of Mexico runt spiller gimmicks ( Clucas 6 ) .Another type of angling cogwheel that continually produces high Numberss of by-catch is the different types of gill cyberspaces or miring cyberspaces. Driftnets have been called the â€Å" walls of decease † because big Numberss of non-target fish, marine mammals and sea birds become entangled in them ( Hinman 3 ) .Fig. 3. Beginning: Drift Net ( FAO-Fish 222 ) .Drift cyberspaces come in all sizes and lengths but the United Nations banned cyberspaces over 1.5 stat mis long in 1993, Data has shown that they catch legion mahimahis, sea polo-necks, and other blowers. There mark species is normally swordfish in the Atlantic but they besides catch tunas and sharks. Other finfish such as ocean sunfish, bluefin, giants, tuna, beams and others are besides caught by longlines. When animate beings are entangled in these cyberspaces it is about ever fatal. Some cyberspaces have pingers attached to alarm unsuspicious quarry ( Martin 213 ) . Although some net fishing is still used the drift net piscary has been closed since 1996 ( NMFS 54 ) . Fig.4 Longline fishing cogwheel. The usage of longlines allows fishermen to catch a assortment of species. The come-on from the lines attracts sea birds, polo-necks, and other species of fish. Many ocean birds eatage in countries where there are longline piscaries. The millstone has seen a diminution in population due to being caught on longline maulers. Longlines may be two or more stat mis long and have 100s of baited maulerss. These lines may travel unbridled for 24 hours ensuing in a high mortality rate for the gimmick. Once the birds are caught there is no manner for them to get away. Since they reproduce late in life and have a low fruitfulness they have become a threatened species ( Lewison 743 ) . The millstone has experienced a lessening in population due to longlines ( Hall 214 ) . It is hard to quantify the loss of millstone due to a deficiency of an perceiver plans. Other beings are affected by longlines. The sum of cast-off species in longlines in 1996 was estimated to be † 196.6 metric dozenss of bluish marlin, 67.6 metric dozenss of white marlin, and 71.6 metric dozenss of sailfish † . ( NOAA 54-55 ) . The grounds for high Numberss of by-catch are that the gimmick may non be the targeted species, it may be an illegal gimmick or it may non run into the legal size. The swordfish population has become stressed because of cyberspaces and longlines. In 1996 there were 579 dozenss of swordfish discarded. The Atlantic gar, a prized diversion fish, is frequently the by-catch of longlines. NMFS has enacted a program that protects this fish. The leader of a vas that hooks a billfish must let go of the fish every bit shortly as possible without taking the fish from the H2O ( NOAA 54 ) . One can non discourse by-catch without discoursing overfishing. Overfishing is the procedure of taking fish faster than they can refill themselves ( Gulfbase ) . The utmost sums of by-catch leads to overfishing. If the sum of by-catch is non reduced so stocks will go overfished. In many countries attempt decrease of the targeted and nontargeted species is attractive ( Wui 2 ) . The ruddy center may non retrieve unless there are bounds placed on the shrimping industry ; because the juvenile ruddy center is the by-catch of runt spiller ( Wallace 84 ) . Bycatch decrease must be taken earnestly by the universe population. An country of concern in the subject of by gimmick and overfishing is that of the megafauna. Much of the megafauna by-catch has no economic value and has a high mortality rate. Having no manner to find the figure of beings that are being discarded, these stocks can worsen over clip without sensing. ( Lewison 588 ) . Leting the continued decrease in figure of anchor marauders such as billfish, sharks, bluefin tuna, bluish marlin, and swordfish will doubtless change the nutrient ironss. With fewer marauders there will be more quarry in the nutrient web. Harmonizing to Pauley if this continues we could see the prostration of some piscaries ( Hinman 2 ) . Alternatively of seeking to pull off one species the full ecosystem needs to be managed. We seem to be concerned about the big animate beings and non the animate beings they feed on. The remotion of one tropic degree will impact all degrees. Removing the larger and older species that by and large have a long lifetime and reproduce tardi ly in life will hold a annihilating consequence on the nutrient concatenation. Attempts are being made to seek to cut down the sum of by-catch in the fishing industry. Many fish would hold a higher endurance rate if they were released at a deepness related to their normal home ground. Fishermans are maintaining day-to-day logbook studies, utilizing unit of ammunition hooks alternatively of the traditional maulers, and utilizing pingers on cyberspaces. Other attempts proposed are to set up no-longlining zones, limit the figure of maulers allowed, and count dead discards against the fishermen as an inducement for set downing allowances ( Hinman 4 ) . Practices suggested to protect water bird would be to attach streamers to the lines to discourage the birds and weight the lines to increase the sink rate and carry the line deeper in the H2O ( Martin 214 ) . There have already been 1700 Marine Protected Areas established in the Waterss of the United States to protect threatened species. The issues covering with by-catch and overfishing are legion. There are groups who oppose ordinance and groups who realize that without Torahs the piscaries will vanish. Even though some ordinances will impact the income of the fishermen, without ordinance at that place will non be piscaries. It is sad to read about the sum of cast-off by-catch. There are some states that utilize about all of their gimmick. As other nutrient beginnings become depleted and the universe population continues to turn, I am certain other states will happen utilizations for their gimmicks therefore extinguishing by-catch.

Choosing Your Religion and Political Beliefs †Literature Essay

Choosing Your Religion and Political Beliefs – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Choosing Your Religion and Political Beliefs Literature Essay Everyone knows that part of the idea behind the creation of an independent nation in the 1700’s was the opportunity for all people to make choices for themselves and to be whoever they wanted to be. Whether or not the idea turned out the way it was supposed to, is another question. However, the opportunity for people to make choices concerning religion, political beliefs and other important matters relies upon the idea that people are equipped to make these decisions, as well as other less substantial decisions everyday. Supposing that people have the ability to live as individuals, responsible for and living in the best possible way for themselves, assumes that people are capable of making good decisions, decisions benefiting themselves and those around them in the best possible way. The possibility of this ideal, the basis of the establishment of America, is explored and represented in a number of the works of the time, including Hannah Webster Foster’s The Coquette, and in Charles Brockden Brown’s Weiland and Arthur Mervyn. In the works, the authors represent individualism in different ways, but each seems to support the idea that it is impossible for any person to make every decision co rrectly for him or herself, and that to some extent, all need the help of others to make the choices which are best for themselves and the world around them. Foster presents the idea that women are unable to make good decisions for themselves in The Coquette. In The Coquette, Eliza is always appealing to her family and friends for help in making her decisions regarding her two suitors, and she is constantly going back and forth with her decisions and convictions. One moment, Eliza has determined to be with Boyer, and the next she is regretting and recanting her decision and again running to Sanford. Eliza also declares again and again that she is no longer going to see or spend time with Sanford, only to agree to a meeting with him only days or moments later. Even after Eliza makes a seemingly definitive decision to reject Sanford, she does not follow it, to the dismay of her family and friends. Eliza’s indecisiveness even leads to the loss of Boyer, and it is not until he has found another love that she makes the decision that she loves him. Eliza’s inability to make a timely decision only leads to her misfortune. Further supporting the idea that Eliza is incapable of making a good decision is the result of her final decision to be with Sanford. Although it could be argued that a part of Eliza’s misery stems from her family and friends lack acceptance of her choices, it is undeniable that her ultimate decision results in the ruin of her life, both emotionally and physically. Because Eliza consents to the affair with Sanford, she is resigned to a life of shame and ruined reputation, and she mourns her decision and the effect it will have on her mother and friends as soon as her â€Å"mistake† is revealed. As a result of her decision to be with Sanford, Eliza becomes pregnant, and the shame and strain of bearing a child out of wedlock leads to her eventual death. Clearly Eliza is unable to make a good decision, so it is entirely possible that Foster believes that not only her character, but all women, are unable to do so as well. Foster seems to support the idea that women nee d the help and advice of others in order to make the right decision, and that a foolish girl trying to make such decisions for herself, trying to exert her individuality, can only result in disaster in the end. Brown also leads the reader to question individuals’ abilities to make good decisions in Wieland. In Wieland, several characters are presented as making decisions which have extreme ill effects for those around them, implying that Brown supports the idea that individuals are incapable of relying solely on themselves when it comes to decision making. Such bad decision making is without a doubt illustrated in the decisions of the villain of Weiland, Carwin. In the work, Carwin’s choice to fool around with the Wieland family creates the worst possible effects for everyone. Because of Carwin’s pranks, the family goes through countless instances of horror and grief, and their content existence is essentially ruined. Carwin and his ventriloquism causes the distress of Clara, her brother Wieland, and his entire family, and leads to an immense amount of questioning and doubting among the group. Carwin’s tricks may even have played a role in Wieland’s slaughtering of his family, if not by the direct encouragement through ventriloquism of Wieland to sacrifice them, at least by making his mind more susceptible to a mental breakdown causing him to do so by placing unnecessary stress on his mind. Carwin comes to regret his fooling with the family, as is demonstrated by his attempt to gain forgiveness and to explain himself to Clara after the nasty results of his schemes. Since Carwin regrets his decision to use the family to entertain himself, he too is illustrated as unable to make a decision which is best for himself, and which has even worse results for those around him. It could also be argued that Wieland himself is further proof of the individual’s inability to make responsible and good decisions. Not only does Wieland make the unfortunate decision to murder his family as homage to God, but his apparent mental instability initiates questioning about the ability for all Americans to make decisions for themselves. If mental instability could happen in the case of one American, it could logically happen to others, making the stability of all America vulnerable. If there are those out there who are hearing voices telling them to kill their families, America truly is in danger, especially if these people are being trusted to make significant decisions affecting themselves and others. Brown seems to be warning his readers against this possibility, and to be supporting the idea that one alone cannot make the important decisions for himself or for society. Inexperience seems to be the problem associated with one making one’s own decisions in Arthur Mervyn. Again in Mervyn, Brown seems to be supporting the idea that the intelligence of more than one person is necessary to make good decisions, and that the individual is incapable of making the wisest choices for oneself. Arthur Mervyn seems to be Brown’s illustration of why individuals are incapable of decision making, as he is undeniably inexperienced and uneducated, and unable to trust in many of his own choices in important matters. Although Mervyn seems to place faith in his actions and their moral consequences, he still is unable to believe himself to possess enough experience and knowledge to make every good decision and to achieve anything substantial in society or the world. He is constantly seeking the advice and counsel of his wiser and more worldly friends, such as the Stevens’ and even Welbeck, proving his desperation for resources and help and his in ability to make choices for himself. Mervyn even requires the advice and encouragement of Mr. Stevens in the situation of making Ascha his wife, demonstrating that he cannot make important decisions for himself even when they are of the most personal kind. Adding further doubt to Mervyn’s ability to make good decisions is the fact that when Mervyn does make a decision for himself, it has many extremely unfortunate results. Because Mervyn decides to run hastily to the city to save Susan’s fiancà ©, he causes a number of events which have terrible effects for himself and for those around him. Since Mervyn left without informing the Hadwin’s of his intentions, Mr. Hadwin risks his life unnecessarily in entering the city himself to search for Wallace. Mervyn also exposes himself to the disease while conducting his search, an occurrence which leads to the danger of infection to others as well. Undoubtedly, Mervyn is a reckless and somewhat thoughtless man when he must make his own decisions, and if it were not for luck and the care of others, he most likely would not have made it through his ordeal alive and happy. Without the intervention of others, and their help in making his choices, Mervyn would not have had his happy ending, showing that Brown believes that everyone needs help when it comes to deciding what is best for themselves and for the world. As Foster and Brown demonstrate, although America may be ideally a land where people can achieve individuality, it may not always be best for people to assume responsibility for each decison in such a tumultuous time. As the works demonstrate, looking only into oneself for the right answers is not always best, and can have some unfortunate results. Therefore, these authors each seem to be supporting the idea that in a time of many questions and such doubt, allowing others to advise and counsel can only help in the decision-making process, and help to ensure the well-being and happiness of those for whom they care. Research Papers on Choosing Your Religion and Political Beliefs - Literature EssayCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThree Concepts of PsychodynamicGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoResearch Process Part One

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Theodore Roosevelt and Interna essays First actions like the Treaty of Wanghia with China and the Treaty of Kanagawa with Japan marked the turnaround of the nations policy to stay away from other countries affairs. George Washingtons famous words avoidance of entangling alliances were forgotten. More than one hundred years after Washingtons presidency, a Civil War, and issues and wars with Britain and other European powers, the United States finally had fixed major issues within the country e.g. the controversies between the North and the South, and were eventually strong enough as a nation to intervene in foreign affairs. Theodore Roosevelt who took over presidency in 1901 achieved major accomplishments for the U.S. by developing a strong foreign policy that differed from the policies of other world powers, and using the potential that the country had, to make it stronger than it ever was. Although criticizers accused Roosevelt of imperialism, the only purpose of the Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Roosevelt Corollary, and Pa nama Canal was to turn the United States not into a colonialist but into the dominant power in its hemisphere. Before Roosevelt was able to show his capabilities in foreign affairs, he made himself known as the trustbuster, supported the environmental protection, and drew up the so-called square deal which helped him to get reelected in 1904 and made him generally very popular. However his foreign policy was of a more aggressive nature. The first opportunity in which he could prove himself as a capable leader of a becoming world power was in the Alaskan Boundary Dispute. The British who wanted a proper boundary between lower Alaska and Canada initiated the discussion. When in 1898 gold was found in both Canada and Alaska, the Canadian governments interest roused immediately. In order to get the land where the gold fields were the Canadians checked the Anglo-Saxon-Treaty o...

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Microbiology review paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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